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The differential pressure requirements of a cleanroom are directly related to its function and application areas. Depending on the differential pressure control, cleanrooms are mainly categorized as positive or negative pressure cleanrooms. This article will discuss in detail the functional requirements of these two types of cleanrooms and their differential pressure control standards.
I. Positive Pressure Cleanroom
1. Application industry fields
Positive pressure cleanrooms are widely used in pharmaceutical, Electronics, food processing and biotechnology industries. These fields have very high requirements for environmental cleanliness and airflow control, and must prevent external contaminants (such as dust, microorganisms, etc.) from entering the room to ensure the safety and effectiveness of products.
2. The Role and Purpose of Positive Pressure in Cleanrooms
A positive pressure cleanroom prevents the entry of outside air and contaminants by providing a higher air pressure than the outside environment. Its main functions include:
Protecting products and processes:
By maintaining positive pressure, it ensures that the air inside the cleanroom is not affected by external contamination.
Improving air quality:
Providing a high cleanliness working environment through air filtration and circulation.
Enhanced Safety:
Prevents the intrusion of pathogens and harmful substances in biosafety and pharmaceutical environments.
3. Differential Pressure Control Standards
Positive pressure cleanrooms are typically required to maintain a differential pressure of 0.05 to 0.1 inches of water column (approximately 12.5 to 25 Pa) to ensure effective air flow and a clean environment.
II,Negative Pressure Cleanrooms
1. Application Industry Fields
Negative pressure cleanrooms are mainly used in the medical field, such as negative pressure operating rooms, negative pressure laboratories and negative pressure intensive care units. These environments need to control the spread of pathogens and protect the safety of medical personnel and the external environment.
2. The Role and Purpose of Negative Pressure in Cleanrooms
Negative pressure cleanrooms effectively control air flow and prevent the spread of internal contaminants by means of air pressure lower than that of the external environment. Its main functions include:
Preventing cross-infection
In a medical environment, negative pressure can effectively prevent pathogens from spreading through the air and protect the safety of patients and medical personnel.
Control the diffusion of hazardous substances
In the laboratory, negative pressure can prevent the diffusion of hazardous chemicals and biological materials into the external environment, ensuring experimental safety.
3. Differential Pressure Control Standards
Negative pressure cleanrooms are usually required to maintain a differential pressure of 0.05 to 0.1 inches of water column (about 12.5 to 25 Pa) to ensure that the air flows in from the outside environment and does not diffuse from the inside to the outside.
III. The basic principles of cleanroom differential pressure formation
1. Fresh air system Air volume
The air volume of the fresh air system is one of the key factors in determining the differential pressure of the cleanroom. Through the introduction of filtered fresh air to increase indoor air pressure, the formation of positive pressure cleanroom environment. For negative pressure cleanrooms, the fresh air volume needs to be precisely calculated to maintain the proper negative pressure.
2. Air volume of exhaust system
The design of the exhaust system is equally important. The size of the exhaust air volume affects the indoor and outdoor air flow and pressure difference. Positive-pressure cleanrooms need to control the volume of exhaust air to ensure that the air does not flow out excessively, while negative-pressure cleanrooms must ensure that the volume of exhaust air is sufficient to maintain the required negative-pressure environment.
3. Causes of Differential Pressure
Differential pressure in A Clean Room is mainly caused by the difference in airflow between the fresh air and exhaust systems. The desired differential pressure can be achieved through accurate airflow design and control. Positive-pressure cleanrooms create outward airflow by increasing the amount of fresh air, while negative-pressure cleanrooms ensure inward airflow by controlling the amount of exhaust air to prevent contaminants from spreading.
The differential pressure requirements of a modular cleanroom are an important part of its design and operation. Positive and negative pressure cleanrooms each have different functional requirements and differential pressure control criteria. By understanding the principles and application areas of differential pressure in cleanrooms, clean environments can be better designed and managed to meet the stringent requirements of different industries.
